Debates A competition most commonly engaged in at the high school and college level. It is a rule-governed contest with two sides, usually presided by a number of judges. Each side is attempting to win the approval of a designated audience, such as the judges. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debate [Accessed 09/07/05]
Demonstration An illustration or explanation of concepts or processes, usually through the use of examples.
Department The intervention took place throughout a department.
Design courses or laboratory courses This category was coded when the intervention took place in the context of a design-related unit, course, or program, or the intervention took place in a laboratory or a laboratory course. The subject/content area of the intervention is usually coded as well.
Design notebooks A design notebook is used to record information acquired and ideas developed during the design process. It demonstrates individual accomplishments and work completed on a project. http://epics.ecn.purdue.edu/guidelines/notebook.php [10/18/06]
Design skills Outcomes were coded as design skills if the results had to do with the ability to design a system, component, or processes ot meet desired needs or with qualities or characteristics of students' designs or thinking about design.
Design tools Applications (usually computer programs) which facilitate the understanding and implementation of real-world applications of classroom concepts. These tools often encourage student interactivity, student creativity, and student application of learned concepts.
Development of professional skills This subcategory codes interventions designed to provide students with the skills used in professional engineering practice.
Disability An article was coded "Disability" if the study targeted students with disabilities or singled out students with disabilities in one or more analyses. Selecting "Disability" will produce outcomes for articles coded "disability," however, because many articles contain many results, the verbatim result presented in the outcomes section may not necessarily refer to a specific disability. Website users should consult the original article for mores specific results.
Discovery See inquiry/hands-on/discovery
Discovery learning is an inquiry-based learning method. Learning takes place most notably in problem solving situations where the learner draws on his [or her] own experience and prior knowledge to discover the truths that are to be learned. http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/history/discovery.html [Accessed 09/06/05]
Distance learning A system and a process that connects learners with distributed learning resources. While distance learning takes a wide variety of forms, all distance learning is characterized by the following: 1) separation of place and/or time between instructor and learner, among learners, and/or between learners and learning resources, and 2) interaction between the learner and the instructor, among learners, and/or between learners and learning resources conducted through one or more media; use of electronic media is not necessarily required. http://www.trainingfinder.org/CDC_lingo.htm [11/3/06]
Distributed A Web-based learning environment in which teachers and students are spatially and temporally dispersed. Forms of distributed learning environments include distance education, virtual classes, and cyber courses.
Doctoral Research These institutions typically offer a wide range of baccalaureate programs, and they are committed to graduate education through the doctorate.
Doctoral/research institutions These institutions typically offer a wide range of baccalaureate programs, and they are committed to graduate education through the doctorate.
Duration of the intervention This category provides information on how long an individual student received the intervention. The data are presented by the amount of time (e.g., weeks, months, terms) or the number of interventions (e.g., sessions, modules, problems, units) depending on how the duration of the intervention was described in the article. If an intervention was introduced in a course and no countervailing information about the duration of the intervention was presented, the duration of the intervention was coded as "one semester/quarter/term."